日前,由烏爾善執導的神話史詩電影《封神三部曲》發布先導預告 。經五年籌備、封神一年半拍攝的部曲影片,展現了商周時期精美建築 、場景、场景呈现陳設,细节其中大量精美的場景也讓人無比驚豔 。實際上,商周最早的金製品出現於夏代,商代開始有一定範圍分布,器物種類較為豐富 。
商代黃金應用廣泛 商周時期金器壕與氣質並存
《封神三部曲》龍德殿場景氣勢宏偉
商代出土金器細節精美
此次,電影《封神三部曲》所選取的場景,主要圍繞龍德殿附近展開,這座神秘的商王宮殿也終於顯露真容 。作為朝歌城中象征著至上王權的气概最高等級建築,影片中的龍德殿無疑是展現創作美學概念的集大成所在,此前劇組在組織媒體赴片場探班時,其氣勢恢弘的壯觀體量和精雕細琢的製作工藝,曾贏得眾人一致讚歎 。這座由800多名木雕工藝師參與建造的电影雄偉宮殿,憑借其氣勢恢弘的壯觀體量和精雕細琢的製作工藝,贏得了一致讚歎。曾有觀眾對商周時期是封神否廣泛使用金器提出質疑,那麽曆史上的商朝是如何使用金器的呢?
據悉,金的延展性能非常好,1克的黃金可打1平方米的金箔,薄至0.0001毫米 。這一點商代的部曲工匠已很了解,故發掘到的少量商代文物常是包金箔的 。商代金器比較集中地出土於作為統治中心的场景呈现都城內,例如河南鄭州商城和安陽殷墟的大型墓葬中不乏金器隨葬品,墓主主要為王侯或貴族,說明當時的金器基本為上層統治者所享用 。從種類上看,细节在商王朝統治中心區發現的黃金製品,大多是以薄金工藝加工成方形、圓形 、商周三角形的恢弘金片 、金箔金葉等,再包貼於其他質料物品上作為附屬性裝飾,器件雖然薄小,但應用卻頗為廣泛,加工也相當精巧,如在河南鄭州商城出土的金葉上,壓印著清晰的夔龍紋;河北槁城台西村商墓出土於漆盒朽痕中的半圓形金飾正麵,刻畫了當時青銅器上常見的雲雷紋,顯然原本是用作貼於漆盒表麵的金箔 。類似在漆木器上飾以金箔的工藝延至西周仍有使用,如北京琉璃河西周燕國墓地出土的一件漆觚,其上飾有三道金箔飾品,被認為是我國最早的金平脫在商王朝北部和西北部地區發現的金飾品,主要是人身佩掛的純金首飾,製品 。
宏偉宮殿使用茅草屋頂 是考究還是藝術創作?
《封神三部曲》商代人物造型精美 、場景恢弘
值得一提的是,恢弘無比的龍德殿,居然用茅草屋頂,這樣的反差又是為何?
事實上,據考古研究發現,商朝時期的宮殿是以夯土台為基座,石頭作為柱基;木質結構為主體,以草泥為皮所建造的 。商朝時期的屋頂就是以木為架,上麵用茅草覆蓋,雖然這個時期已經出現了少量的瓦,但由於建築水平等一係列的因素限製,並沒有普及。可以說,當時的宮殿仍然是一個豪華版茅草屋 。
商王朝距今已有三千多年,可供研究的文物 、建築遺跡與參考文獻少之又少 。《封神三部曲》劇組曾走訪河南 、陝西 、山西等地博物館和遺址古跡,以元明道教水陸畫作為基礎,融合商周青銅器美學元素以及宋人山水,創作出《封神三部曲》獨有的美學體係,並將其應用於服裝造型 、場景搭建 、道具製作等各個方麵 。
不得不說僅僅這一處茅草屋頂,可以看出電影《封神三部曲》不僅將商朝的文化氣質拿捏到位,亦能體現電影團隊在創作中的用心之處。
(责任编辑：綜合)
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